Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Anak Korban Perdagangan Menurut Undang-undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-undang 23 Tahun 2002 Tentang Perlindungan Anak

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana perdagangan anak yang sering terjadi di Indonesia dan bagaimana bentuk pengaturan hukum tentang perlindungan anak. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, maka dapat disimpulkan: 1. Masalah perdagangan anak (trafficking) di Indonesia ini dengan alasan dan tujuan apapun juga tetap merupakan suatu bentuk pelanggaran terhadap hak asasi manusia. Negara Indonesia sebagai anggota PBB mengmban tanggung- jawab moral dan hukum untuk menjamin keberadaan harkat dan martabat yang dimilikioleh seseorang manusia. 2. Secara umum penegakan hukum terhadap perdagangan manusia dapat dilakukan dengan cara : Pencegahan (prevention), Perlindungan (protection), Penindakan hukum (prosecution). Tindakan nyata yang dilakukan pemerintah Indonesia sebagai upaya menangani masalah trafficking (perdagangan manusia) yaitu dengan mengeluarkan undang-undang No 21 tahun 2007 yang berisi tentang tindakan pidana bagi orang yang melakukan perdagangan manusia terutama terhadap anak sebagai korban perdagangan manusia baik secara nasional maupun secara Internasional dan disamping itu ada juga pencegahan dan penanganan untuk mencegah terjadinya perdagangan manusia dan juga perlindungan hukum bagi anak sebagai korban trafficking serta adanya kerja- sama Internasional dan peran serta masyarakat untuk membantu perlindungan terhadap anak sebagai korban trafficking

The Difference of Malondialdehyde and Lipid Profile Level Between Pediatric Patients with Epilepsy Who Had Long Term Valproic Acid and Carbamazepine Therapy

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological impairment in the world. Previous study have suggested that long term used of anti epileptic drugs in children might impair lipid metabolism and increase lipid peroxidation. The purpose of this study is to determine the long term impact of antiepileptic drugs (AED) such as valproic acid and carbamazepine, on malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid profile (total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, and low density lipoprotein) level of pediatric patients with epilepsy. It is a Cross-sectional study, performed from May to July 2016 in Neurology Pediatric Ward Dr.Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. There were 61 children, aged 2-14 years who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Blood sample was drawn to measure MDA and lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL) level in each subject. The study showed higher MDA levels in carbamazepine group and had significant difference (p<0.05) based on Mann-Whitney test on both groups. The lipid profiles, whether it were total cholesterol, LDL or HDL level, were also higher in carbamazepine group and showed significant difference of lipid components in both group (p<0.05) based on MANOVA test. As a conclusion, there is a consideration to observe lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL) level in children with epilepsy treated by long term carbamazepine. Keywords: Epilepsy, children, lipid profile, malondialdehyde, anti-epileptic dru

Anomalies of the inferior vena cava: a report of two cases and a short review of the literature

The inferior vena cava, also known as the posterior vena cava, is the large vein that carries de-oxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. Congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava result from the persistence of the embryonic venous system. The majority of cases are clinically silent and are diagnosed in routine dissection studies, in retroperitoneal surgeries, or through imaging for other reasons. Although these anomalies are rare, they are of great importance during operations in the abdominal area or in the treatment of thromboembolic diseases. We report two cases of double vena cava and left vena cava, respectively, and a short review of the relevant literature. (Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 3: 123-127

PERAN AHLI JIWA DALAM PEMBUKTIAN TINDAK PIDANA KEKERASAN PSIKIS DALAM RUMAH TANGGA

Domestic psychic violence can be experienced by everyone, including children, wives, husbands, and others. As a material offense on domestic psychic violence, the elements resulting from psychological trauma must be proven. Therefore, the intervention of forensic psychologists and forensic psychiatrists is very important in cases of domestic psychic violence. The differences in the competence of psychologists and psychiatrists as well as the prospective roles of both professions in proving cases are the focus of the problems being studied. A normative legal research method with descriptive qualitative data analysis was employed in this research. The results showed that the existence of forensic psychologists and forensic psychiatrists is very important for finding material truths that can be scientifically tested in cases of domestic psychic violence. As evidence for letters and/or expert reports, the assessment results of forensic psychologists and forensic psychiatrists have accurate evidentiary value in forming a judge's conviction. This paper ends with a recommendation that as a form of protection for domestic violence victims, the role of psychologists and/or psychiatrists should be optimized, both in the pre-adjudication, and adjudication phases. In addition, considering the balanced position between psychologists and psychiatrists in law enforcement, this should not create jealousy and unhealthy competition between the two professions

An aperture in the sagittal plane of the dorsal wall of the sacrum

The dorsal wall of the sacrum presents various anatomical variations, while the dorsal bony wall of the sacral canal suffers more. We report a case of a sacrum with a series of variants in the midline due to abnormal ossification and a bizarre aperture on the sagittal plane between the 1st and the 2nd sacral spinous processes. A failure of the ossification patter during embryological life, or an ossification of the supraspinous ligament may result in such an aperture. Sacrum variety is of great importance for the daily proper medical practice

Anatomy and clinical significance of sacral variations: a systematic review

The sacrum is a large trilateral bone located at the base of the vertebral column serving to transfer the body weight from the trunk to the pelvis and lower extremities. Over the years, an abundance of sacral anatomical divergences has been reported, including numerical and/or morphological variations of sacral entities. The majority of these anatomical alternations has been incidentally identified during radiological investigations, surgical procedures or discovered in anatomical, anthropological and forensic research studies. Throughout international literature, however, there is a scarcity of an integrative recording of all known anatomical variations of the sacrum in a single study. This constitutes the objective of the present paper: to provide an exhaustive systematic review of the relevant literature, as well as to thoroughly describe all the recognized deviations of the sacrum structure, while highlighting the aspects of their clinical significance

FUNGSIONALISASI PASAL 44 KUHP DALAM PENYIDIKAN TINDAK PIDANA PEMBUNUHAN (SUATU RE-ORIENTASI & RE-EVALUASI MENUJU REFORMULASI)

Uncertainty with regard to the proper implementation of Article 44 of the Criminal Code is to be discussed.  In legal practice, the existence of mental disorder in those who are accused of murder or homicide will be made dependent on the decision of psychiatrist (authorized to conduct forensic psychology or psychiatry). In the case that such mental disorder is determined to be existing during a pre-trial hearing, the court is under no obligation to order cessation of the criminal proceeding. It is noted that in a number of cases the decision to terminate investigation or cease court proceeding falls completely under the Judge discretionary power.  The author’s recommendation is that a reformulation of Art. 44 of the Criminal Code is in order